Acne-prone skin is in the genes, even if the skin appears clear
Hormonal acne can present differently on the skin from one person to another.
Our individual genetic skin make-up determines the different traits of our skin, such as colour and texture.
The skin’s genetic activity can also control susceptibility to skin conditions like acne.
New research has shown that even when the skin has cleared, former acne patients carry genetic markers for inflammation and skin damage.
The Link Between Genetics and Acne
Acne has a significant genetic component linked to a specific DNA sequence.
Genetic markers are a part of the specific DNA sequences used as landmarks on chromosomes to identify and track gene variations and traits.
Genetic markers can also be used to study the relationship between an inherited condition, such as acne, and its genetic cause.
While there isn’t one specific “acne gene”, several genetic markers are thought to influence the skin’s sebum (oil) production, hormonal regulation and inflammation.
A family history of acne increases the likelihood that you will develop it as well.
New Research
A recent study published in the JID Innovations Journal examined beneath the skin of former acne patients and people who had never had acne.
The study investigated the genetic activity of skin from former acne patients.
Those patients had clear skin at the time of the study.
Researchers used RNA sequencing and examined gene markers in skin samples of 49 former acne patients and 19 people who had never had acne.
What is RNA sequencing?
RNA (ribonucleic acid) sequencing is a technique used to identify the parts that make up an RNA molecule.
DNA is either made of RNA molecules or proteins.
RNA sequencing is especially helpful as it allows researchers to understand which genes are causing interesting differences between cells or tissues.
It shows if an individual has a certain genetic make-up in their skin for acne-related traits.
RNA sequencing acts as the final puzzle piece to reveal the whole picture of molecules in DNA.
The Purpose
Researchers conducted research to better understand the biological pathways involved in acne and identify key molecular regulators—the parts that influence how genes function.
Key molecular regulators are responsible for acne, noting that other factors such as bacteria presence also play a role.
Researchers wanted to identify compounds that could potentially reverse the acne-prone genetic makeup in former acne patients.
In doing so, they would ensure that acne had no chance at returning for patients with now clear skin.
The Results
Researchers identified 187 compounds, particularly mTOR inhibitors, that could change the genetic profile.
The currently clear acne-prone skin had distinct differences in skin barrier, immunity and cellular make-up when compared to a patient who had never experienced acne.
The Story Under the Skin
There is an untold story beneath the skin of former acne patients.
Researchers found increased levels of stress-related proteins and inflammation markers beneath the skin of former acne patients.
These genetic proteins and markers are often associated with skin damage and inflammation.
Former acne patients were found to have an altered skin composition: less active skin cell development and a damaged top skin layer (the epidermal barrier).
The epidermal barrier is crucial for reducing bacteria being absorbed from the environment, and so this barrier is necessary to prevent skin infections.
The finding suggests that acne-prone patients may have a weaker skin barrier, making them more susceptible to further breakouts and inflammation.
The Genetic Reason for ‘Oily’ Skin
Researchers also found an increased activity of genes linked to fat production and sebaceous gland function.
These processes are responsible for regulating fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis.
Fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis produces skin cells to form a barrier layer and support other skin functions. Excess sebum can be found in the skin barrier and make the skin appear ‘oily’.
The synthesis process is crucial for maintaining the skin’s barrier and overall health.
Excess sebum is a known factor in acne.
The findings suggest that acne-prone skin has limited fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, which means the skin cells cannot regulate the amount of sebum they produce.
People with excess ‘oily’ skin may experience an increasing number of acne breakouts and inflammation.
Contributing Genetic Factors of Acne
The research found other contributing genetic factors of acne, such as an increase in cell growth and metabolism, as well as inflammation.
These are known factors that contribute to the development of hormonal acne.
An increase in cell growth and metabolism is linked to acne worsening.
The Solution: mTOR Inhibitors
The study concluded that an mTOR inhibitor, such as Rapamycin, could potentially reverse acne-prone genetic markers.
mTOR inhibitors are a type of drug that blocks the action of the protein, mTOR, which plays a role in cell growth and division.
By blocking the action of mTOR, the acne genetic markers underneath the skin of former acne patients, may remain silent and not exacerbate.
Former acne patients’ skin would be restored to a state like the skin of people who had never had acne.
The Future of Genetics and Your Skin
It is important to know that even if you have clear skin after battling acne, you may still be prone to inflammation and skin barrier dysfunction.
Speaking to your dermatologist early is the best course of action to prevent further acne lesions from forming, such as visible bumps and breakouts.
Using an mTOR inhibitor could also be used to support your acne-prone skin.
As well as potentially reversing the genetic patterns lying under your skin.
These treatment options have the exciting potential to control excessive sebum production that gives skin that ‘oily’ appearance as well as inflammation.
Building Your Skincare Routine
Beyond medications and dermatological treatments, building a personalised skincare routine can balance your skin barrier and prevent acne development.
Leading global dermatologist Dr JoAnn See advises talking to your dermatologist about what skincare products are best for you and your skin.
According to All About Acne experts, patients should try skincare products that are:
- Fragrance and alcohol-free; and
- Non-pore blocking
By curating a skincare routine that strengthens the skin barrier, you may help reduce your skin’s inflammation and help to minimise overall acne development.
Conclusion
The results of genetic research into acne-prone skin are promising.
The possibility that in the future, mTOR inhibitors could reverse the predispositions of acne lesion development and normalise acne-prone skin is exciting.
Remember to talk to your dermatologist about ways to reduce inflammation and breakouts on your skin.
Reference: Sennett M, Agak W, Thiboutot M, Nelson M. Transcriptomic Analyses Predict Enhanced Metabolic Activity and Therapeutic Potential of mTOR Inhibitors in Acne-Prone Skin. JID Innovations. 2024 November; (2024) 4:100306; doi:10.1016/j.xjidi.2024.100306.
